God's Existence and Essence Philosophical Theory Essay

God's Existence and Essence Philosophical Theory - Essay Example It was during this time Aristotle’s lessons were normal. He utilized these lessons in his own philosophical work despite the fact that Aristotle’s lessons were truly at the neck of the Christians during his rule. The plan of this paper is to talk about issues that uncover through Thomas Aquinas’ perspective on the presence of God. Thoughts According to Thomas Aquinas concocted five different ways that demonstrate the presence of God. At that point, in his first away he saw that a portion of the things found on earth are in steady movement. It is from his perspective that anything that is moving is probably going to begin by another thing, which was likewise moving (Aquinas, 2006). The other thing moving was additionally presented to movement by another moving thing then the procedure proceeds in a similar way. The arrangement of moving items can't return to vastness to indentifying the main mover. The facts confirm that there was a first mover of the articles tha t are moving however the mover is obscure. This gives a feeling that there is a mover who doesn't move. In this specific situation, the unaffected mover is God. In the subsequent manner, he expresses that everything has a reason and nothing can cause be a reason for itself. In this unique circumstance, the causes return to limitlessness since all causes rely upon the past reason and the possible reason relied upon the past reason prompting an infinitive reason. This implies the primary reason is unidentified (Aquinas, 2006). The truant of the primary reason can't end with our investigation. In this manner, there must be a first reason for every one of these occasions, where all individuals allude to as God. The third method to distinguish that there are things in nature that we see to be conceivable and others are out of this world to exist and pass away from presence. In this unique situation, nothing that couldn't exist at one point can exist. It requires that, first something exi sts before it can end up existing at another second (Aquinas, 2006). Structure this announcement, on the off chance that there was nothing that existed in any case, at that point there could be nothing existing right now on the planet. Since an impact has its motivation and the resulting cause goes to infinitive without indentifying the reason it is conceivable that something existed first to cause the other to exist. The unidentified reason for occasions in this setting is the Almighty God. The facts confirm that God existed first at that point made different things on earth exist. The fourth expresses that the world has attributes that differ in degree. A portion of the qualities are pretty much obvious, great, honorable and a lot more models. The evaluating of these attributes is done corresponding to greatest. This demonstrates there ought to be something most genuine, noblest and best. As indicated by Aristotle, there are a few things, which are incomparable in truth. In his vi ew, something causes preeminent truth in these attributes and any flawlessness that we get in each being of the world. He alludes to this incomparable reason as God. Aquinas watches nonintelligent and lifeless things in nature that demonstration toward accomplishing the best plausible reason despite the fact that the items themselves would need consciousness of doing as such (Aquinas, 2006). It is conceivable that the items accomplish their motivation however a sorted out an arrangement. The articles that are nonitelignt

Define the basic nutritional requirements of children and young people to ensure a balanced diet and meet government guidance free essay sample

Characterize the essential dietary necessities of kids and youngsters to guarantee a fair eating routine and meet government direction The Government suggests that every single sound individual ought to devour an eating routine that contains: †¢Plenty of boring nourishments, for example, rice, bread, pasta and potatoes †¢Plenty of products of the soil; at any rate 5 bits of an assortment of leafy foods daily †¢Moderate measures of protein-rich food sources, for example, meat, fish, eggs and options, for example, nuts and heartbeats †¢Moderate measures of milk and dairy food sources †¢Less immersed fat, salt and sugar Youngsters younger than 5 who are bad eaters may need to take an enhancement containing nutrients A, D and C. Youngsters who have a decent hunger and eat a wide assortment of nourishments, including foods grown from the ground, won't have to take nutrient drops. Proposals for protein, nutrients and minerals fluctuate by age. Where various admissions for guys and females are suggested, the higher worth is distinguished in the table to guarantee that the best need of the gathering is met: Nutrient1-3 Years4-6 Years7-10 Years11-14 Years15-18 Years Protein15g20g28g42g55g Iron7mg6mg9mg15mg15mg Zinc5mg6.5mg7mg9mg9.5mg Nutrient A400mcg400mcg500mcg600mcg700mcg Folate70mcg100mcg150mcg200mcg200mcg Nutrient C30mg30mg30mg35mg40mg Salt2g3g5g6g6g Starches Carbohydrates are a decent wellspring of vitality and the principle wellspring of a scope of supplements in our eating routine. They make up around 33% of everything that we eat and they contain starch, fiber, iron and B nutrients. Sorts of Carbohydrates include: potatoes, rice and grains, bread, pasta, and oat. Foods grown from the ground Fruit and vegetables are a crucial wellspring of nutrients and minerals. It is educated that we eat 5 bits with respect to an assortment of leafy foods daily. There is proof that individuals who eat at any rate 5 parts of leafy foods daily are at lower danger of coronary illness, stroke and a few diseases. Dairy Food-Dairy nourishments are a decent wellspring of protein and calcium. Fats in milk give calories to little youngsters and fundamental nutrients, for example, nutrient B2 and B12. Be that as it may, the greater part of the fat in dairy nourishments is immersed fats. For more seasoned youngsters and grown-ups, eating an excessive amount of immersed fat can add to getting overweight. Protein-Protein is basic for development and fix of the body. Protein is additionally a decent wellspring of a scope of nutrients and mineral. Meat is a decent wellspring of protein, nutrients and minerals; it is additionally one of the fundamental wellsprings of nutrient B12. Fish is another wellspring of protein, it is rich is Omega-3 unsaturated fats. Fats and Sugars-Fat and sugar are the two wellsprings of vitality for the body, however in the event that a lot of this nutrition type is expended, the body is devouring more vitality than it is consuming, which prompts an expanded body weight. This can prompt heftiness, which builds the danger of type 2 diabetes, certain malignant growths, coronary illness and stroke. Characterize the fundamental wholesome prerequisites of kids and youngsters to guarantee a fair eating routine and meet government direction free paper test The Government suggests that every single solid individual ought to expend an eating routine that contains: †¢Plenty of dull nourishments, for example, rice, bread, pasta and potatoes †¢Plenty of products of the soil; in any event 5 parts of an assortment of leafy foods daily †¢Moderate measures of protein-rich nourishments, for example, meat, fish, eggs and choices, for example, nuts and heartbeats †¢Moderate measures of milk and dairy nourishments †¢Less soaked fat, salt and sugar Kids younger than 5 who are bad eaters may need to take an enhancement containing nutrients A, D and C. Youngsters who have a decent craving and eat a wide assortment of nourishments, including products of the soil, shouldn't have to take nutrient drops. Suggestions for protein, nutrients and minerals differ by age. Where various admissions for guys and females are suggested, the higher worth is distinguished in the table to guarantee that the best need of the gathering is met: Nutrient1-3 Years4-6 Years7-10 Years11-14 Years15-18 Years Protein15g20g28g42g55g Iron7mg6mg9mg15mg15mg Zinc5mg6.5mg7mg9mg9.5mg Nutrient A400mcg400mcg500mcg600mcg700mcg Folate70mcg100mcg150mcg200mcg200mcg Nutrient C30mg30mg30mg35mg40mg Salt2g3g5g6g6g Sugars Carbohydrates are a decent wellspring of vitality and the primary wellspring of a scope of supplements in our eating regimen. They make up around 33% of everything that we eat and they contain starch, fiber, iron and B nutrients. Sorts of Carbohydrates include: potatoes, rice and grains, bread, pasta, and oat. Foods grown from the ground Fruit and vegetables are an imperative wellspring of nutrients and minerals. It is instructed that we eat 5 segments concerning an assortment of products of the soil a day. There is proof that individuals who eat in any event 5 bits of products of the soil a day are at lower danger of coronary illness, stroke and a few malignant growths. Dairy Food-Dairy nourishments are a decent wellspring of protein and calcium. Fats in milk give calories to little youngsters and fundamental nutrients, for example, nutrient B2 and B12. Notwithstanding, the majority of the fat in dairy nourishments is soaked fats. For more seasoned kids and grown-ups, eating a lot of soaked fat can add to getting overweight. Protein-Protein is basic for development and fix of the body. Protein is additionally a decent wellspring of a scope of nutrients and mineral. Meat is a decent wellspring of protein, nutrients and minerals; it is likewise one of the primary wellsprings of nutrient B12. Fish is another wellspring of protein, it is rich is Omega-3 unsaturated fats. Fats and Sugars-Fat and sugar are the two wellsprings of vitality for the body, however in the event that a lot of this nutritional category is devoured, the body is expending more vitality than it is consuming, which prompts an expanded body weight. This can prompt stoutness, which builds the danger of type 2 diabetes, certain malignant growths, coronary illness and stroke.

College Application Essay Sample: How to Structure Them

College Application Essay Sample: How to Structure ThemCollege application essays are, without a doubt, among the most important parts of your application. After all, it's not just about how well you have done on your academic year but how well you will do in the future. That is why you need to take time to pick up a few tips on writing your own essay.It's often recommended that you start with a pre-written essay. This gives you a sense of what the whole process of creating your essay will be like. While this seems easy enough to do, many students overlook this step and end up trying to write their own essay instead. The most popular college application essay sample online uses this format.What makes this form of college application essay samples really different is that you can use the tool that you already have in front of you, which means that you don't have to pay to access one. All you need to do is search for the college essay samples online and get started writing your essay. All that you need to do after that is to fill out the application and submit it.You may think that using essay samples from the internet is a waste of time but that is not true. Those websites that have free and low cost essay samples are usually free because the author has gained permission to host them. Since the author has put in some work to make sure that they are as good as possible, they don't want people using them for free.Georgetown University has its own essays samples. These are the same essays that are available for free in other places. The only difference between the Georgetown application essay samples and the others is that Georgetown takes a slightly different approach to how they structure their essays. However, you should still follow a similar outline and structure.This is also a good time to mention that you should start thinking about your writing at a younger age than other students who did go to high school. So, no matter what your writing level, you should write. Whether you have just completed a year at college or you are a freshman or senior in high school, you should get started on your college application essay today. Just keep in mind that you will spend more time preparing for the essay than actually writing it.The primary objective of an essay is to highlight something that you can talk about. While this may be true in high school, in college you have to be able to write about something that other people will find interesting and relevant. Writing an essay is challenging but once you get the hang of it, you will be able to relax and get into the zone.Remember that college application essays can be very powerful tools that you use when applying to colleges. If you do not know how to write an essay, you can still use the sample essays online. It just takes some time and effort to get your thoughts organized so that you can write them effectively.

The Artistic Aspect of Architecture Essay - 1729 Words

The Artistic Aspect of Architecture Architecture is undeniably one of the most powerful forms of art. Buildings have the ability to loom in the distance when seen from afar. As you approach it more and more details can be seen. Minute intricacies such as stone quality, texture, and perhaps some ornate detailing become apparent. Even standing at a doorway can provide some involved feelings. Does the building seem to invite the viewer inside with elaborate carvings and an open view to the interior? Or does it intimidate the viewer with its massive proportions making them feel insignificant and trivial? When inside the architecture as a medium the viewer is surrounded by and grasped within its walls and ceiling. This quality is†¦show more content†¦This captivation has endured through the ages so as to elevate these structures beyond mere buildings and to the status of art. In this light, the buildings can now be admired quite like a painting or a sculpture in respect to the composition and placement of key components that come together to make the glorified whole. One significant part of any building is its door. How the interior is transferred into the exterior is very important. Stepping through the doorway of a door is much like the thought of stepping between a portal in between two realms. One of the most graceful examples of this transition is illustrated through the Cathedral of Notre Dame of Paris’ north transept. A string of events and thoughts occurs to the viewer when approaching the gothic cathedral’s northern transept. We see the gigantic faà §ade of the Church. Curiosity invites us into the structure through the tremendous stained-glass rose. We see the rose, darkened because of the absence of light not coming from the inside of the church. Automatically, the mind imagines the point of view one would have from inside the cathedral while witnessing the light pass through the beautifully colored glass. Another way that we are invited to step through the portal is through the fact that the portal offers a space that is not totally outside nor inside, providing a smooth transition. The portal has a roof so that ifShow MoreRelatedArt as a Reflection of Social Tre Essay1746 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferent view of life can be seen very clearly in individual forms of art such as painting and music. These specific forms of artistic expression required very little money, thus could b e exercised by anyone including members of a lower class. Other forms of art such as architecture and sculpture required more money and in most cases wealthy patrons such as kings or queens. Architecture also required large numbers of workers which often made it hard to see any individual influence in the design, howeverRead MoreArt And Abstract Art : Renaissance Art1113 Words   |  5 PagesBrazilian artist. Vik’s 2002/2005 piece â€Å"We decided to let them say we are convinced twice† (Art Forms 11th Edition pg.469) displays a bomb dropped behind a hospital during civil war. This image is supposed to show memories of past war. Formally, these artistic works are relevant way to create art in relations to political justice. Furthermore, creates message to impact the world. Question # 3, 10 points Abstract art Is dissimilar from representational art for multiple reasons. Abstract art describesRead MoreArchitecture And Architecture : Architect Frank Gehry1706 Words   |  7 Pagesin terms of architecture. Usually, when the term architecture is brought up, those of us who are non-architects tend to close mindedly think only about buildings. 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One constant in both cultures was their pursuit of perfection in their art and architecture. This paper will examine this pursuit of perfection in both cultures and how their impact is felt in the modern age. One of the mostRead MoreThe Era Of Louis Sullivan1228 Words   |  5 PagesLouis Sullivan revolutionized architecture, redefining art in building form. His work in the late 1800s became known across the country and brought many to Chicago, either to see his grand creations or study the architect himself. Louis Sullivan was born in Boston on September 3rd, 1856 and began work in Chicago in 1875 for several architecture firms. He joined Adler’s firm in 1879, where his major work began. Sullivan’s skill in artistic design and Adler’s talent for business matters and marketing

Portrayal Of Female Empowerment And Gender Roles Essay

In politics, power is a crucial component, and having authority over others is critical in legitimizing that power. Women consistently lack agency and power, especially in political spheres. Fantastical worlds, like HBO’s television series Game of Thrones (GoT), portray women in roles of empowerment, but their power is contingent on men and on their own sexuality. Despite gaining positions in political power, women only attain that power or can only use that power in the realm of men and masculinity. This essay argues that women in Game of Thrones, as political and non-political actors, are only powerful to the extent to which it roots from archetypical masculine characteristics and to which it advances their storylines from a man’s standpoint. To do so, I will first contrast political power and apolitical power, namely in terms of female participation and involvement. Next, I will examine HBO’s Game of Thrones in relation to its portrayal of female empowerment a nd of stereotypical gender roles. This paper will then distinguish notable Game of Thrones female characters as political powerful and apolitically powerful actors. This paper will conclude with an analysis of how Game of Thrones magnifies women’s roles in political power while also generalizing women as powerful only in regards to their sexuality. Power is central to politics and political action. The Oxford Dictionaries (2016) characterize politics as â€Å"the principles relating to or inherent in a sphere or activity,Show MoreRelatedWhy And How Gender Stereotypes1654 Words   |  7 PagesWhy and How Gender Stereotypes in Advertisements are Challenged Traditional gender roles were constructed based on devotion to cultural value as well as social construct based geographical placement. 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In fact, Mulan emphasizes the roles between binary genders that ensure privilege of men over women. Additionally, the film shows how such stereotypical gender roles affect society through social oppression of the minority group. Throughout the film, it is obvious that, although it is possible to have gender performativity, thereRead Mor eFeminism And Gender Roles By Margaret Atwood1518 Words   |  7 Pagesare numerous portrayals of feminism and gender roles. There are underlying hints of distaste towards the female sex role and the predatory, aggressive behaviour of men towards women. The suppression of women is portrayed and analyzed, and Surfacing manages to tackle the theme of gender roles by exploring through the perspective of the female narrator how women are marginalized in many aspects of their lives. . 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The Broadway musical participates in a larger conversation about gender and sexuality because it is a commercialRead MoreBefore Diving Into The Current State Of Male Roles In Advertising,1322 Words   |  6 PagesBefore diving into the current state of male roles in advertising, it is necessary to review past gender stereotypes and how they have developed in the past. Looking at advertising through the media from a social determinist standpoint, the existing cultural and social values and progresses are what determine how gender roles are portrayed in media. This would go against the cultivation theory notion that the media used to portray men and women are what shape our cultural and social ideologiesRead MoreConflicting Paradigms On Gender And Sexuality1453 Words   |  6 PagesConflicting Paradigms on Gender and Sexuality in Rap Music: Review Introduction: The article I am researching and analyzing is â€Å"Conflicting Paradigms on Gender and Sexuality in Rap Music: A Systematic Review† written by Denise Herd. This article was published in the academic journal â€Å"Sexuality and Culture†, on July 1st, 2000. This article is centered around rap music with its social and cultural significance for youth audiences, all around the world and how it plays a major role in shaping young adults

Business to Business E-Commerce Infosys technologies and Prairie Four Term Paper

Essays on Business to Business E-Commerce: Infosys technologies and Prairie Four Square Term Paper The paper "Business to Business E-Commerce: Infosys technologies and Prairie Four Square" is a great example of a term paper on e-commerce. Business to business e-commerce entails buying and selling of products electronically, it has become an effective form of carrying out business. Real business values from the internet perspective emanate from business to business transactions that encompass e-commerce.Prairie Four Square (PFS), an insurance company wishes to incorporate e-procurement to cut savings incurred by its purchasing department. PFS seeks to implement JAVA-based Ariba software. To this end, it has shortlisted three top IT firms to submit their proposals for consideration to be awarded the project contract. Infosys Technologies, an IT consultancy firm based in Bangalore is among these three firms.Infosys is disadvantaged by the fact it is an offshore company that lacks adequate experience compared with the other two companies which it is up against. However, it relies on a number of factors to counter these disadvantages. These include the project contracts that it has delivered to PFS together with the quantifiable savings attributed to the same. It has also already initiated three similar projects in other organizations.IntroductionBusiness to business e-commerce, an area that entails electronic selling and buying transactions, has become core to carrying out business effectively. If executed properly, it can assist a business organization to achieve significant improvements. Such improvements are more likely to be observed in the areas of productivity and cost savings. Many business organizations employ numerous strategies in an attempt to make dubious returns on investment. Such strategies entail; outsourcing, downsizing, empowering employees, shifting organizational structures and processes from horizontal to vertical, procuring IT systems and so on (Neef, 2001).E-commerce has been hailed as one of the areas within which business organizations c an accelerate revenue increase and expand their client base. However, as some may point out, it is a relatively un-significant step for those businesses that wish to expand. Even though it is an essential segment of an overall e-business strategy, when it comes to online retailing, it is simply a slightly effective expansion of the entire sales process. As many business organizations are experiencing first hand, the real value of the internet emanates from business to business transactions. That is buyer to vendor transactions that entail e-procurement (Neef, 2001). Prairie Four Square (PFS) is one such company that wishes to incorporate e-procurement in its business operations. This report seeks to address the various issues likely to be faced by both Infosys technologies and Prairie Four Square (PFS) in the incorporation of the Ariba e-procurement system project. Prairie Four Square (PFS) aims at making enormous cost savings once the project is successfully completed and executed.

Narrative Perception Essay Example For Students

Narrative Perception Essay Narrative PerceptionWhen literature first began to take flight in America, many of the stories written were of the Gothic variety. American society, at the time, seemed to connect with fantasy and reality, therefore many early writers wrote in the Gothic style. Most of these Gothic stories feature characters whose perceptions of themselves and the world around them are abnormal due to drug use, being in a dream state, or simply just madness. In comparing two short stories, The Fall of the House of Usher and The Yellow Wallpaper, it seems that the characters perceptions affect the way the reader understands the events of the story. Charlotte Perkins Gillmans The Yellow Wallpaper is a short story that deals with certain issues that pertained to many women during the nineteenth century. The narrator is a fairly young woman that has just moved into a temporary home with her husband. Her husband and doctor, John, has diagnosed her with depression. His prescription is plenty of rest. This refers to the fact that in the nineteenth century, the man was responsible for taking care of the woman both financially and emotionally, while the woman was expected to stay at home. It has been well documented that this type of solitude can lead to an even deeper, darker depression. The narrators mind is an interlacing of patterns, similar to the wallpaper. Her perceptions are abnormal and extremely confusing. The story can be interpreted in a completely different way than the woman describes. Perhaps the womans mind is so jumbled that everything she says is a complete lie. Over and over again, the woman says things that sound a little strange in the context of the tale she relates to the reader. It can be concluded from the story, that the woman is not simply in a new home with her husband, who just so happens to be a doctor. She is more than likely in a mental institution, admitted for depression. She says that her new home stands quite alone, standing well back from the road, quite three miles from the village. (Gilman 551) She then describes the garden, saying, There is a delicious garden! I never saw such a garden large and shady, full of box-bordered paths. (Gilman 552) But what sort of house has a garden like the one described and separated from the main town? It seems likely that the woman is in an institution, but her perception of it is so distorted that she believes that it is her new house. The fact that her husband is also a doctor suggests her mental state. She says that, He is very careful and loving, and hardly lets me stir without special instruction. This sounds more like a description of a doctorpatient connection than a husbandwife relationship. The narrator also says that John is gone quite a lot on trips to see other patients and is only with her at night. Even then he is not always there at night. She says he is gone nights when his cases are serious. By nighttime she may mean the time when her doctor, John, goes to check up on her and sometimes he cant check on her everyday, because he is busy with the other patients in the mental ward. The narrator also speaks a good deal on her room, which she describes as a big airy room the windows are barred for little children, and there are rings and things in the walls.(Gillman 552) She claims that the room was formally a nursery, but what nursery has rings in the walls and bars over the windows? Windows at mental institutions are commonly barred and rings are used to restrain frantic patients. .uf65cc7d7ebe1e9981a4040dcf4c74c3b , .uf65cc7d7ebe1e9981a4040dcf4c74c3b .postImageUrl , .uf65cc7d7ebe1e9981a4040dcf4c74c3b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf65cc7d7ebe1e9981a4040dcf4c74c3b , .uf65cc7d7ebe1e9981a4040dcf4c74c3b:hover , .uf65cc7d7ebe1e9981a4040dcf4c74c3b:visited , .uf65cc7d7ebe1e9981a4040dcf4c74c3b:active { border:0!important; } .uf65cc7d7ebe1e9981a4040dcf4c74c3b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf65cc7d7ebe1e9981a4040dcf4c74c3b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf65cc7d7ebe1e9981a4040dcf4c74c3b:active , .uf65cc7d7ebe1e9981a4040dcf4c74c3b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf65cc7d7ebe1e9981a4040dcf4c74c3b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf65cc7d7ebe1e9981a4040dcf4c74c3b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf65cc7d7ebe1e9981a4040dcf4c74c3b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf65cc7d7ebe1e9981a4040dcf4c74c3b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf65cc7d7ebe1e9981a4040dcf4c74c3b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf65cc7d7ebe1e9981a4040dcf4c74c3b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf65cc7d7ebe1e9981a4040dcf4c74c3b .uf65cc7d7ebe1e9981a4040dcf4c74c3b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf65cc7d7ebe1e9981a4040dcf4c74c3b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Bill of Rights EssayThen the narrator focuses on the wallpaper and really begins to lose her sanity. At first she describes the paper as, dull enough to confuse the eye in following, pronounced enough to constantly irritate and provoke study, (Gilman 552) this description can be compared to women in general. Women are confusing objects, but the more you dont understand them, the more intriguing they are. She also says that the wallpaper is stripped off, about as far as I can reach. (Gilman 552) She claims that children did it when it was a nursery, but it is stripped only as far as she can reach. This suggests that she was probably the one peeling the wallpaper off of the wall. The wallpaper is obviously the womans source of madness. At first, she just dislikes the wallpaper, but after a while she begins to dispise it and its properties and implications in her mind. This can be seen in the fact that John believes she is getting better, when in actuality she is getting worse. She is going insane from her attempts to attain peace with the wallpaper. She becomes completely obsessed with the wallpaper. Why would anyone in his or her right mind be so concerned with a piece of paper? Eventually she breaks down and she begins tearing off the wallpaper. She then implies that she has a rope, which she hid. She plans to free herself from the miserable wallpaper, by hanging herself from the bars enclosing the windows. Similar to the narrator in The Yellow Wallpaper, Edgar Allan Poe makes his narrator of The Fall of the House of Usher insane as well. The narrator in this story also tells a strange tale that cant be taken from face value. He may be on drugs, because there is a constant referral to opium throughout the story. In The Fall of the House of Usher we never do know what is real, a dream, or a product of the narrators hysteria. From the narrators description of the actual house, the reader can tell that there is something unusual and supernatural about the building. From the onset of the story we know that the narrator is not in his right mind, because he is terrified by merely the sight of the house, With the first glimpse of the building, a sense of insufferable gloom pervaded my spirit and that could have triggered his unclear perception of the coming events. Poe develops the narrators early uneasiness into a frenzy of terror. Although the narrator tries to view everything in a rational manner, upon seeing the house and its surroundings, he has a heightened sense of superstition. The narrator is telling us a story of the Ushers and their house, when it is actually the story of his mental state. Madeline and Usher each represent a part of the mind and the narrator represents reason. This is evident because he refuses to accept anything he hears, sees, or senses. Even though he notices a faint blush upon the bosom and the face of Madeline, the narrator still continues to bury Madeline, because he refuses to accept what he sees. In both The Yellow Wallpaper and The Fall of the House of Usher, the narrators perceptions of events give the readers a completely different sense of events then what is actually taking place. Gilmans narrator tells us that she is living in a house with her husband, when she is actually in a mental hospital with a doctor. Likewise, Poe uses his narrator to tell the reader a story of the Ushers, when the story is really about the Narrators mind and its insanity.

10 Fun Facts About Yale

Known as one of the top schools in the world, this Ivy League university offers more than just prestige and beautiful Gothic architecture. It is also home to some of the most notorious and mysterious secret societies and happens to be a feeder for the CIA. Here are ten traditions and fun facts about Yale University. 1. Originally named The Collegiate School, Yale University took on its new name in 1701 in honor of Elihu Yale, the governor of the East India Company, for his gifts to the school. Yes, THAT East India Company – the one tied to the Tea Act that led to the infamous Boston Tea Party boycott which was one of the major events that led to the American Revolution. 2. Being the third oldest university in the country means you can probably claim a bunch of â€Å"oldest ____† superlatives. Yale is home to the oldest collegiate daily newspaper still in existence. Printed five days a week since January 28, 1878, the Yale Daily News lives up to its moniker. Yale also claims the oldest and most well known a cappella group: the Wiffenpoofs have been singing on Monday nights since 1909. 3. One of the most exclusive and obscure college clubs has to be Yale’s secret society Skull Bones. Students tapped for membership tend to be campus leaders, such as team captains, newspaper editors and members of the political union. Only fifteen male and female juniors are chosen for admission each spring. The society’s most well known members include both George Bush senior and junior, William Howard Taft, and John Kerry. The group also allegedly stole the skull of Geronimo from his grave and keeps it encased in a glass display. 4. Yale University is organized into 12 self-governing residential colleges, each with its own dormitories, dining halls, library, and social events. Each also has its own proud traditions, including: jello wrestling, weekly group screams at 11:00, stripping down during the third quarter of football games. 5. Yale freshmen are treated to a formal holiday banquet each year akin to a Harry Potter-style Hogwarts feast. Picture: formal servers carrying around huge platters topped with food, holiday lights, ice sculptures, gingerbread houses, and elaborate swan-shaped pastries. 6. Nathan Hale, America’s oldest (and arguably worst) spy was a Yale graduate who famously uttered the phrase, â€Å"I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country.† In 1914, Yale commissioned a statue of the renowned patriot. Legend has it that the CIA later made an offer to buy the statue, and the university refused. CIA operatives were then sent in during the night to cast a mold of the statue to make a replica. Some stand by the claim that the statue was successfully swapped out and the original is the one now standing at CIA headquarters. 7. On the subject of the CIA, the nation’s spy network has historically proven to be a popular career choice for many Yale graduates – most notably former President George H.W. Bush ’48 and legendary operatives William Bundy ’39 and James Jesus Angleton ’41. Yale’s undergrad career services director Philip Jones attests that student interest in the CIA has remained consistently high. 8. Yale’s Beinecke Rare Books and Manuscripts Library boasts features fit for a spy lair. To protect its books, in the event of a fire, you have 30 seconds to get out before the library is flooded with lethal (but fire-suppressing) gas. In the case of any other threats to the books collection, that entire cube structure drops down into an underground vault that sucks all of the oxygen out of the air. 9. Some college dorms are built to be better than others. That’s an understatement when it comes to the Vanderbilt suite at Yale. Vanderbilt Hall was built by railroad tycoon Cornelius Vanderbilt as a memorial to his son, who sadly died from typhoid fever as a junior at Yale. The room above the building’s archway was built more lavishly than the rest. The suite (known as VC-22) features a chandelier, marble fireplace, and ornate molding and paneling. Rumor has it that the room is reserved for members of the Vanderbilt family while they’re attending Yale. The last Vanderbilt to stay in that room? Anderson Cooper, Class of ’89. 10. One Yale graduation tradition dating back over 140 years involves graduates receiving clay pipes along with a small packet of tobacco that you’re supposed to smoke and crush afterwards to symbolize the end of an eraa legendary 4-year era. Are you looking to apply to Yale? Make sure to search through profiles of students accepted to see essays, stats, and advice. See how they got in, and how you can too!

Japan and Imperialism 1853

Japan and Imperialism 1853 Introduction James Huffman is the author of the book, Japan and Imperialism 1853-1945. The author uses a dazzling and interactive sequence of events to tell how Japan dealt with the challenge of foreign policy and victimization from colonizers. The author engages the reader by explaining how Japan responded to these challenges.Advertising We will write a custom book review sample on Japan and Imperialism 1853-1945 by James Huffman specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Adoption and promotion of imperialism in Japan had numerous effects on the country’s development strategies, as well as the welfare of citizens (Huffman 10). In addition, the author analyses the country’s imperialism framework in terms of its positives and negatives. The book examines many issues about development in Japan, as well as various empirical and theoretical concepts on the same. This essay provides a detailed review of the book by identifying and anal yzing various concepts and topical approaches. Problem: Questions/Issues Examined by the Author The issue addressed by the author in this book is how Japan managed to establish itself as an economic and political powerhouse in Asia. James Huffman applies his literacy prowess to provide a detailed and sequential recitation of how Japan redeemed the sovereignty of its people amidst the pressures of imperialism and colonization from western nations (Huffman 15). In addition, the author identifies the problem of pressure coming from Japan’s domestic settlements and administrative districts, which made it hard to achieve effective management of resources. The challenge of imperialism and colonialism was hard for Japan to deal with, as it was targeted and victimized for practicing a learned profession (Huffman 19). Significance of the Book in Understanding Asian Studies The book is very useful and significant because it helps the reader gain better understanding of historical facts about Japan. The author incorporates pictures, an alphabetical list of technical terms used in the text, chronology of events, endnotes, and references for anyone interested in expounding their knowledge on any concept developed in the reading. The author has extensively covered all the important happenings for the entire period from 1853 to1945. It is during this period when the world first experienced Japan. It is also the time the Asian country gave in to the demands of the colonial masters following the bombing of its two major cities (Huffman 26). The two cities bombed by the western colonial masters were Nagasaki and Hiroshima.Advertising Looking for book review on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Following the bombings, Japan allowed the western colonial masters to extend their rule over its people. The author gives an in-depth analysis of how imperialism shaped Japan in terms of economic development, t echnological growth and adaptation, as well as improvement of its political system (Huffman 29). The reading provides detailed, reliable, and informative facts about Japan’s history during the period covered. I would recommend this reading to anyone interested in learning how Japan has managed to remain resilient in its efforts to become a global powerhouse. The period covered by this reading has all the right information on what shaped Japan’s economic and political agendas. Theoretical and Topical Approach of the Author in the Book The theoretical approach applied by the author is one that explains the concept of imperialism, and how it helped to shape Japan’s development strategies. The main topic in the reading is imperialism, which the author believes motivated Japan to economic and political development. Because of foreign policy influence, Japan was able to develop effective policies for economic development, as well as create an inclusive political syste m that focused on improving the welfare of all citizens (Huffman 41). In addition, the author explains how the concept of imperialism helped Japan to amplify its boarders. Expansion of administrative boarders helped Japan to enhance its resource capacity that was influential in development of better technologies. In the reading, the author gives an example of the city of Hokkaido, where residents benefited from technical institutions set up to develop their farming practices through better technologies (Huffman 45). Other cities benefited from hosting military camps for colonial missions in other regions and countries across the Asian continent. Imperialism helped to empower the people of Japan economically, through their various projects and missions. The author uses an interactive approach to explain the concept of imperialism, and how it helped Japan to develop an inclusive political system. The influence of foreign policy made Japan open up to the idea of developing relations wi th other countries.Advertising We will write a custom book review sample on Japan and Imperialism 1853-1945 by James Huffman specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This resulted in the signing development agreements with other countries that also built embassies in the country (Huffman 49). According to the author, these developments played a crucial role in Japan’s expedition to economic independence and better international trade relations. Key Concepts: Main Empirical and Theoretical Concepts The author presents four important concepts throughout the reading. The four concepts are victimization, foreign policy, patriotism, and contemporary foreign policy. The author defines colonialism as the strategy of victimizing people from outside one’s self-governing boarders through possession and control (Huffman 63). The other concept presented by the author is foreign policy, which refers to instances where a country aggressively extends its authority over other people by imposing its policies on them (Huffman 66). The author uses Japan, a victim of foreign policy to expound on this concept. Patriotism is another concept present in the reading. The author defines patriotism as the commitment that people show towards their nation by supporting its various interest areas and cultural practices that define its identity. However, the author warns that patriotism can take either a positive course or a negative course, depending on policy frameworks used by a government (Huffman 68). The final concept presented in the reading is contemporary foreign policy. The author explains this concept as a strategy that is applied by influential western nations to acquire more colonies in Africa and Asia. Summary of Argument to the Reading Japan and Imperialism 1853-1945 is a book that presents many interesting, informative, and knowledgeable realities about Japan (Huffman 2). The book has few pages, which means that the aut hor has not extensively covered the history of Japan. The author addresses various elements of Japan’s history, albeit in very diminutive detail. The main arguments presented in the reading by the author focus on imperialism, colonization, opening up of Japan to the rest of the world, impacts of foreign policy and victimization on Japan’s development agenda (Huffman 53). Other arguments developed in the reading talk about how Japan dealt with World War II and the economic depression.Advertising Looking for book review on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Data and Evidence Presented The author applies a variety of data to present the concept of imperialism in Japan’s history. The data comprises narratives about influential individuals from western colonies, who contributed towards guiding Japan’s development agenda (Huffman 17). The references used are quite reliable, as they come from credited sources such as novels and journals. The author also uses data from articles printed following research studies by Ivy League institutions, such Stanford University and University of Washington (Huffman 79). The use of reliable data has made the book a worthy read and a legitimate reference for future studies. Validity of Accounts and Arguments in the Reading The author uses a very persuasive style of writing, which validates the arguments developed in the reading. Although the narrative is not long enough, the author has managed to provide accurate data that convinces the reader. The use of reliable and easily accessible sources further validates information provided in the reading. This provides an opportunity for a reader to do further reading on various concepts and theories applied in the reading (Huffman 79). I can confidently say that the book is valid and convincing enough for any reader who wants a reliable source on Japan’s history. Strengths and Limitations of the Reading Imperialism and Japan 1853-1945, is an amazing book that provides an interesting summary of Japan’s rich history in few pages. The four concepts developed in the reading are sufficient in providing the reader with necessary information on the subject (Huffman 10). Clear elaboration of concepts and theories in the book makes it easy and interesting for the reader to have deep understanding of its content. Use of chronology, endnotes, and a detailed timeline makes the reading to stand out and appealing to a reader. I would highly recommend this book to anybody interested in learning Japan’s rich history. Huff man, James. Japan and Imperialism: 1853-1945. New York: Association for Asian Studies, 2010. Print.

A report on the accountability in Shell company in 4 areas of Research Paper

A report on the accountability in Shell company in 4 areas of accountability; describe and explain each of these selected issues and secondly describe how each issue is implemented Shell - Research Paper Example Shareholders are interested in knowing a firm’s financial position and whether it is able to earn adequate revenue so that their returns are maximized. Shareholders provide a business with capital, which is invested in valuable assets and are utilized in different ways. If a company does not utilise the capital effectively, it would fail in generating profits as well as in providing returns to shareholders. Similarly, suppliers are also interested in knowing whether a company is able to utilize the materials supplied by them and whether they are financially sound to make payments on time. Employees do not receive their salaries and wages on time if a company fails in generating adequate revenue. Also, they are affected if the firm pursues acquisition and merger related activities as this may lead to their shifting or loss of job. A firm also remains accountable to the society and the government in respect of its environmental policies and payment of taxes (Royal Dutch Shell Pl c, 2013). Globalization has induced complexity into the world of commerce. Companies are indulging in bureaucratic and unethical activities in order to sustain global completion and make profits. Corporate Social Responsibilities or CSR activities help in maintaining fair business practices and makes a company accountable in respect of its activities. Hence, firms are required to prepare CSR reports at definite periodic intervals. Such CSR reports are considered to be important in promoting business integrity, establishing proper regulatory framework and mapping efficiency of business authorities and senior management. For lawyers and accountants, CSR is largely a technical term involving only the accountability of a firm in respect of financial statements. CSR, however, is a broad term comprising several aspects such as, firm’s responsibility towards the society, environment, government and the common mass (Frynas, 2005). It is important

Managing Poor performance at the hospital( case study) Essay

Managing Poor performance at the hospital( case study) - Essay Example 32). This council helps implement government and healthcare practice standards mandated by the different healthcare professions involved in ensuring quality healthcare practice. The health professionals have a professional responsibility to deliver the best quality of care to the patients. These responsibilities, when delivered well, will reflect on standards of care achieved by the department and consequently reflect on the services offered by the hospital where the patient is being cared for. Managing poor performance in health professionals rendering care in hospitals is a difficult task for health managers who are left with the challenge of evaluating the causes of poor performance in the staff member/s and the possible solutions that may be implemented in order to minimize impact of poor performance on the department’s overall status. This case study will attempt to assess poor performance of a staff member in a sleep apnoea lab, and come up with possible management practices in dealing with poor performance in the delivery of healthcare services. About two years ago, while working as a respiratory therapist in a specialist hospital, the hospital management decided to open a sleep apnoea laboratory. The plan of the hospital was to have the lab be managed by the respiratory department. The head of the department, Aziz (not his real name) called for a meeting on this matter. We then discussed what would be needed in order to have the lab run smoothly and effectively. We decided that all staff members would take an in-service training on the machine that will be used in the lab. We trained under Dr. Mohammad in order to be competent in managing the machine and the lab in general. It took three months for the entire staff to train in the use of the machine and another month for the machine to be installed in the unit. Aziz discussed that a rotation timetable would be used in order to give everybody a chance to handle the

motivation of the employee

motivation of the employee Chapter Two- Literature Review 2.1 Introduction At one time, employees were considered just another input into the production of goods and services. What perhaps changed this way of thinking about employees was the research, referred to as the Hawthorne studies, conducted by Elton Mayo from 1924 to 1932 (Dickson, 1973).This study found out that employees are not motivated solely by money but also their behaviour is linked to their attitudes (Dickson, 1973).The Hawthorne studies begun the human relations approach to management, whereby the needs and motivation of employees become the primary focus of managers (Bedein, 1993). Understanding employee motivation and its relationship with corporate culture and gender is the focus of this research. This chapter is divided into seven sections; section 2.1 introduces the main subjects of this dissertation and is followed by section 2.2 which discusses employee motivation in small medium companies. The next section which is section 2.3 looks at motivation and the various theories developed by researchers, then section 2.4 considers the role of the manager when it comes to employee motivation. The last two sections; section 2.5 examines corporate culture with section 2.6 on gender and how it is perceived. Finally a summary of the whole chapter is presented in section 2.7. This section will review the most relevant studies on employee motivation and in small medium companies. 2.2 Employee Motivation in Small Medium Companies Organizational scientists and practitioners have long been interested in employee motivation and commitment. This interest derives from the belief and evidence that there are benefits to having a motivated and committed workforce. The Hawthorne Studies A major revision of ‘needs theory came from the work undertaken in the United State of America in the 1920s and 1930s of the Hawthorne Works of the Western Electric Company. This gave rise to a new school of management thinking, which suggested that employees have social needs which are as important as economic needs; these studies concluded that social relationships were significant in the satisfaction of the human need for social contact. The major contribution of this work in understanding employee motivation at work has been to focus attention on the design of jobs and tasks in an effort to make them attractive (Mullins, 2007). Employee motivation could be seen as the internal strength that drives employee performance. This strength enables employees to carry out their duties as expected of them having a particular aim in mind. And in most cases, where this strength is lacking, employees sometimes perform poorly. However, certain factors like job features, individual variation and organisational practices may influence employee motivation to work. It depends on good system that reward effectively, because it is critical as a motivated employee will achieve a great deal (Clark, 2009). According to McConnell (2002) companies have to consider the following steps in order to keep their employees in the organisation: ïÆ'Ëœ The employees perception of the work environment directly relates to the job performance. ïÆ'Ëœ What employees think of their jobs and their employer when the environment is positive ïÆ'Ëœ Improvement of the environment generally improves employee performance. McMackin (2006) states that large corporations have more money, name recognition and benefits to attract the best employees in comparison with small medium companies. Regardless of the positive aspects of larger corporations, many employees leave in order to work for small businesses, since they are able to have faster career advancement. According to Gaebler Ventures (2006) research show ten different motivational factors that are important for increasing motivation both for managers as well as employees; they include promotion potential, interesting work, personal loyalty, tactful discipline, appreciation for work done, good working conditions, help with personal problems, high wages, feeling of being in on things and job security. Gerson (2003) on the other hand states that employees in small organisations may leave for better salaries and benefits. The decision to leave can be affected by feelings of unappreciation, work condition, cultural conflicts, lack of convenience, lack of advancement and lack of support. According to Moses (2005) the basis for employee motivation is divided into two categories; anticipation of reward for work well done, and fear of discipline for mistakes or works done poorly. Motivation techniques at most companies falls into one of these two categories. The ideal for a small-business owner is to motivate employees in a positive way, since employees develop loyalty and personal commitment when they are encouraged to perform well in order to advance and receive recognition and financial benefits. The most negative aspect of this method is the fact that the less hard working employees will be fired or downgraded. The method also lacks teamwork, includes employee backbiting and has no long-term motivation. Wiley (1997) states that the relationship between people and work have fascinated scientists for many years, both psychologists and behavioural scientist, but in both field concepts such as need, motive, goal, incentive and attitude occur more frequently rather than concepts of aptitude, ability and skill. Scientist investigates how personal, task and environmental characteristics influence behaviour and job performance concerning motivation. Motivation does not remain the same over the years, it changes due to personal, social and other factors and it also affects the behaviour of a person rather than end performance. In order to create an environment that fosters employee motivation it is important to explore the attitudes that employees have towards factors that motivate them. When a company know what motivates its employees they are better prepared to stimulate them to perform well. In order to know what motivates employees, organisations must have regular communication and ask employees what sparks and sustains their desire to work (Herzberg, 2003). Most managers assume that their employees have the same motivational drivers as them, but managers must abandon this assumption and focus on the recognition of individual drivers. Findings from a forty year survey demonstrate that employees are motivated by receiving feedback and recognition and those individuals at different levels of the organisation might have different motivational values (Wiley, 1997). Managers have to understand what motivate their employees in order to receive high performance at the organisation. 2.3 Motivation Motivation is the creation of stimuli, incentives, and working environments which enable people to perform to the best of their ability in pursuit of organisational success. It is commonly viewed as the magic drives that enable managers to get others to achieve their targets. Since the dawn of the twentieth century, there has been a shift at least in theory. Many management theorists have provided insights into motivation (Strickler, 2006). Abraham Maslows hierarchy of needs provides insights into personal behaviour patterns. Other influential research has been conducted by Frederick Herzberg, who looked at job satisfaction, Douglas McGregors X and Y theory, which suggest management styles that motivate and de-motivate employees etc. Underpinning Herzbergs theory was his attempt to bring more humanity and caring into the workplace. His theory was to explain how to manage people properly, and to motivate them for the good of all people at work. Many contemporary authors have come up with several definitions for the concept of motivation. Motivation has been defined as the psychological process that gives behaviour purpose and direction (Kreitner, 1995), an internal drives to satisfy an unfulfilled need (Higgins, 1994), and the will to achieve (Bedeian, 1993).For this dissertation, motivation is defined as the inner force that derive individual to accomplish personal and organisational goals (Mullins, 2007). Motivation can have an effect on the output of any company or organisation. Organisations and companies relies heavily on the efficiency of it production staff to make sure that products are manufactured in numbers that meet demand of customers. If these employees lack the motivation to produce and perform to the best of their ability and meet the demand of customers, then an organisation may face a problem which may lead to serious consequences. 2.3.1 Internal and External Motivation Motivation according to Kehr (2004) can be either internal or external, it can be viewed as push or pull determinants. Implicit motives are factors intrinsic to the activity and explicit motives arise from factors extrinsic to the activity. Intrinsic motivation is the key motivation component of employee empowerment and individuals are responsible for achieving their own career success. It is based on positively valued experiences that a person receives directly from their work tasks such as meaningfulness, competence, choice and progress. Bymes (2006) explain that external motivators depend on outside factors to push the individual to complete a task. Kehr (2004) adds that explicit motives are influenced by social demands and normative pressures. Extrinsic rewards are based on reward and punishments controlled by the organisation. Like Bymes (2006) individuals with external motivators are motivated by salary or wage packets. Internal on the other hand is associated with employees who want to be employed in a particular position by a firm whose organisational values and work requirements are closely linked with the individuals personal values and skills. Implicit and explicit motives relate to different aspects of the person, but both are important determinants of behaviour. According to Basset-Jones Lloyd (2005) motivators associated with intrinsic drivers outweigh motives linked to financial and inducement and observing others benefiting from recognition and extrinsic rewards. Like Locke Latham (2004) internal factors that drive motivation and external factors that act as inducements to action is the concept of motivation. Motivation can affect three aspects of work; direction, intensity and duration. Peoples skill, abilities and how and to what extent they utilise them are affected by motivation. According to Katz (2005) intrinsic factors are the main reason for a persons true commitment and motivation. Extrinsic factors like salary and working conditions are also important, but do not give the commitment and excitement that the employee needs. How a person views the assignment and how tasks, information, rewards and decision-making processes are organised are strongly linked to the personal activities. People become more motivated when they identify themselves within a group and contribute to performance as a group (Van Knippenberg, 2000).This relies on the work performed by Locke and the goal setting theory he developed. This goal is team performance and the individual feeling part of the group. The focus of Locke was on the goal but in order to reach the goal one must associate oneself with the group and task. Glen (2006) contend that the most important factor to rely on is feedback since it can help an employee improve his or her performance ; communication is also vital in the world today and can be beneficial to both the manager and employee . 2.3.2 Motivation Theories The traditional form of motivation stated that people could be driven by fear and therefore managers had to be tough. This approach made the employees do the bare minimum and only work while their manager was watching. Research on motivation and it impact on individuals and employees has been undertaken from the mid-twentieth century. Prominent among such researchers include; Maslow1954, Herzberg 1959, Adams 1962, Vroom 1964, Alderfer 1972, Locke 1981 and others. There is intense competition as a result of technological advancement, demographic changes, globalisation, which puts more pressure on organisations to deliver products and services with continuous improvement. The theories on motivation identify individual needs, their expectation and reaction to both internal as well as to the external environment. The various motivation theories are discussed below. Maslows Hierarchy of Needs A ground-breaking theory on the subject of motivation and needs of the human being was advanced by Abraham Maslow in 1954.He stated that there are some fundamental needs for the human being that can be arranged in a hierarchic way. He argued that individuals and for the purpose of this study, employees are motivated to satisfy a number of diverse needs. According to Maslow until the most vital needs are fulfilled, other needs have little effect on the employees behaviour. Once a need is satisfied, and therefore less essential, other needs emerge and become motivators of their behaviour (Porter et al, 2003). At the base of the hierarchy is the physiological needs; food, clothes etc.These are considered primary needs as employees concentrate on satisfying these needs before the others. Physiological needs according to Maslow are undeniably the most pressing of all needs. Once this need is fulfilled, the next level surfaces with the employee becoming anxious with the need for safety and security both at home and at the workplace. Likewise, once the safety need too is satisfied, the employee strives for a sense of membership or an affiliation and a feeling of approval by others. Once the employee finds his/her place in a group or team, the need and longing to be held in esteem, recognised and respect crops up. Maslow asserts that with all these needs satisfied, employees are then motivated by the desire to ‘self-actualise and accomplish whatever they identify as their utmost potential. (Ramlall, 2004) Herzbergs Two-Factor theory According to Herzberg an individuals relation and attitude towards work can determine success or failure. While Maslow looked at individual needs, Herzberg tried to find out how employees felt about their work and what really motivates them. In 1959 he created his two-factor theory by looking at the causes of job satisfaction and dissatisfaction in an effort to fully know what motivate people. He divided the needs into two categories; hygiene factors which relate to the needs that involve the framework of the task they performed and if these needs are not fulfilled there will be dissatisfaction on the part of employees. In essence if you want to motivate employees, concern should be given to the work itself (Ramlall, 2004). Herzbergs hygiene factors can be linked to Maslows hierarchy of needs and primarily the vital needs at the base of the hierarchy. The hygiene needs accommodate the need that arises from the physiological, safety and social or belongingness needs that do not make the employees satisfied in their job, but simply avoid dissatisfaction if fulfilled. In contrast motivator factors are those that allow for psychological growth and progress on the job. They are very much connected to the idea of self-actualisation regarding a challenge, to savour the satisfaction of achievement, and to be acknowledged as having done something meaningful (Basset- Jones and Lloyd, 2005). Herzberg further stated that certain characteristics are related to job satisfaction and others to job dissatisfaction. Intrinsic factors, such as achievement, advancement, recognition, responsibility are related to job satisfaction. Job dissatisfaction is a result of extrinsic factors; company policies, supervision, working condition etc. He assert that a job do not get satisfying by removing dissatisfying factors and therefore dissatisfaction is not the opposite of job satisfaction. In order to understand the employees motivation to work the attitudes of the particular employee has to be known (Herzberg, 2003). To Bassett-Jones Lloyd (2005) Herzberg was interested in the extremes where workers either felt good about work or bad, and this led to the development of extrinsic and intrinsic factors. The extrinsic factors are called hygiene or maintenance factors and are linked to job dissatisfaction. Intrinsic factors on the other hand lead to job satisfaction. The factors were labelled motivators to growth because they were associated with high level of job satisfaction. The two factors are of equal importance when explaining what motivates an employee. They explain Herzbergs suggestion of motivation as similar to ‘internal self-charging battery. For employees to become motivated the energy has to come from within. Herzberg however argues that motivation is based on growth needs; and is founded upon satisfaction born out of a sense of achievement, recognition for achievement, responsibility and personal growth. A review of Maslows and Herzbergs theory lead to further research and theories the first of which was developed in 1962 by Stacy Adams. Equity Theory This theory developed by Stacey Adams in 1962 suggests that since there is no absolute standard for fairness, and employees want to be treated fairly, they are likely to assess fairness by making comparison with others in similar situations. If they find out that they are not treated similarly they may lower their output, their quality of work or even leave the organisation for another where they are likely to be treated better. In essence it is not the real reward that motivate, but the perception of the reward in comparisons with others (Boxall and Purcell, 2007. While a simple theory, this theory according to Latham cannot cover every incident as some employees are far more receptive to perceptions of unfairness than others. It is therefore very important for managers to be conscious of what their employees perceive to be fair and just and also know that this will differ from one employee to the other (Latham, 2007). Vrooms Expectancy Theory Whereas Maslow and Herzberg looked at the connection between needs and the ensuing effort expanded to fulfil them, Vroom concentrated on effort, performance and outcomes. The fundamental concepts key to expectancy theory is that the anticipation of what will happen influences the employees choice of behaviour that is, expectations and valence. Vroom interpreted motivation as a process in which employees choose from a set of alternatives based upon the likely levels of expectation, and called the individuals perception of this instrumentality. Valence in his theory is the assessment of actual outcome of ones performance and together with instrumentality is very central in the expectancy theory (Ramlall, 2004; Mullins 2007). From this theorys viewpoint, an employee assigns a worth to an expectation, considers how much effort will be required, and works out the likelihood of success. If the perceived reward is sufficient for the effort required, the employee may make the effort. Expectancy in this theory is the prospect that they can carry out their duty in a way that leads to an optimistic result. For the employee the amount of effort he/she is eager to put in any performance of task is influenced by the expectation of the outcome of the effort (Mullins, 2007). If the employee works hard then he/she can expect a good work result hence a higher reward. High instrumentality for the employee comes from the notion that if he/she shows off good work result there will be adequate reward. Low instrumentality would then be that the employee feels that the result of the reward will not be independent on the particular work result. Vrooms VIE model is illustrated below. Writing in People Management Magazine, Lees (2008) believes that Vrooms theory give an insight into the research of employee motivation by shedding more lights on how individual goals sway individual performance. Vrooms expectancy theory has been criticised for attempting to envisage a choice or effort. However because no obvious pattern of the meaning of effort exist, the variable cannot be measured effectively. According to Latham (2007), the employee is assumed to deliberately weigh up the satisfaction or pain that he/she expects to attain or avoid and then a selection is made. The theory says nothing about intuitive motivation, something that Locke considered when he expanded Vrooms theory. Alderfers ERG Theory Unlike Maslows theory that refers to an individual who acts increasingly for his/her need satisfaction first, with the simplest one up to the most complex ones, Clayton Alderfers theory (1972) which extended Maslows theory asserts that this course of action is not essentially progressive. According to him, there are three significant categories of human needs: Existence (E) needs which ensures the sustainability and human endurance; food, Salary, shelter etc Relational needs (R) that is socialising need that refers to the relationship between an individual and the social setting and is satisfied by interpersonal relations. Fulfilling these needs depends on the association with others. Growth (G) needs which consists of a persons self respect through personal feature as well as the concept of self-actualisation present in Maslows hierarchy of needs.Alderfer believed that as you begin satisfying superior needs, they become powerful like the power you get, the more you want (Mullins 2007) . Although not fully tested, Ramlall (2004) and Strickler (2006) contend that the ERG theory seems to describe the dynamics of individual needs in an organisation rationally well and can help managers when it comes to motivating employees. To them it provides a less rigid account of employees needs than Maslows hierarchy. By and large, it comes closest to explaining why employees have certain needs at diverse times. Goal Setting Theory Edwin Locke extended Vrooms theory by developing his goal setting theory which takes into consideration the conscious motives that exist when organisations set goals to be met. According to Robbins (2003) Lockes goal setting theory states that specific and difficult goals lead to higher performance with the help of feedback. In addition to feedback, goal commitment, and adequate self -efficacy, task characteristics and national culture have been found to influence the goal performance relationship. Motivation comes from the goal an individual set up based on human needs, personal values, personality traits etc which are shaped through socialization and experience. The behaviour used to accomplish the goal depends on whether the goal is difficult or specific. The amount of effort an individual puts in reflects the level of satisfaction experienced which can lead to other actions (Porter et al, 2003). In order to reach the goals some conditions has to be present; such as feedback, goal commitment, ability etc. According to him, a goal is required in order to create motivation within the employees to perform better than before. He indicates that financial rewards can improve the sustainability of a persons dedication as well as behaviour. .Goal setting and management by objectives programs have grown in the past two decades and motivation has been organised in three categories; personality based view, cognitive decision and self regulation perspectives. The basic idea of Lockes goal setting theory is that employees goals are related to their motivation since their goals direct their thoughts and action. The cognitive decision predicts an individuals choices or decisions and finally the personality-based perspective emphasize personal characteristics as they affect goal choice and striving (Locke and Latham, 2004). The personality-based category does not predict motivation, but it can provide understanding of what motivates individuals. The above theories are part of the broad field of human motivation study and they all have implications for individuals different workplace behaviour. They can also be applied to a variety of management practices aimed at motivating employees. However these researches were carried out in Western Europe and in America decades ago. Can the findings of this research be applied in Ghana which is in a different setting? Will similar research in Ghana yield the same result? T o better understand employee motivation, it is important to know the role of managers who are facilitators of employee motivation. 2.4 Motivating Employees: The Role of the Manager Leadership literature states that motivation is influenced by the nature of the relationship between the leader and employees. Managers according Bymes (2006) needs to hire the right person that is most suitable for a certain job, value its employees and support them in making contributions to the organisations and always try to create a motivated workforce. Motivated employees do not only create a good working environment, they also make noteworthy contributions to the organisations. Good managers make their employees fell like business partners and use empowerment in order to make the workplace and the surrounding environment into a place where employees feel good as well as creating a work wherefrom employees feel good inside (Bassett-Jones Lloyd,2005). Motivation therefore is about cultivating your human capital. The human challenges lies not in the work itself, but in you, the person who creates and manage the work environment. As indicated by Garg Rastogi (2006) in todays competitive environment feedback is essential for organizations to give and receive from employees and the more knowledge the employee learn, the more he or she will be motivated to perform and meet the global challenges of the market place. By involving the employee at work and providing challenging tasks it might increase the intrinsic motivation which transforms potential into creative ideas and this will factor fair and constructive judgement of ideas and sharing of informations.Leaders have an important part in the organisation because they act as the force that motivates the performance of the employees (Katz,2005). Leaders are there to motivate people to follow the designed work and by doing so enhance performance. Although employees look to different elements of their organisation to satisfy different drivers, they expect their managers to do their best to address their needs and concerns. Organisations has to recognize the resources, both human and technological that are available within the organisation and conduct training programs that will contribute to the productivity and the levels of motivation at individual or group levels. Motivating employees begins that to do their best work, people must be in an environment that meet their most basic emotional drives to bond and understand. The drive to bond is best met by a culture that promotes collaboration and openness (Nohira et al, 2008). Motivating employees is vital if employers are to achieve maximum performance and productivity. Contemporary theories on motivation centres more specifically on the relation of beliefs, values, goals with action. Motivation in contrast functions as an engine for inner human growth by providing attractive and demanding task. Motivation theories developed in the western world with their orientation on self-satisfaction and instrumentalism have mainly emphasized on rewarding those individuals who succeed. These theories did not take into consideration the terrain in Africa and also individuals who are highly motivated but incapable of accomplishing. This has produced in some part of Africa and also in Ghana situations where managers are not able to answer the needs of every employee. Studies indicate that employees in the western world draw their motivation from self satisfaction but the same cannot be said of their counterparts in Africa and most especially in Ghana. What do they derive their motivation from? Does the companys corporate culture have any bearing on how they are motivated? Is there a relationship between the companys corporate culture and motivation? The next section will look at motivation and corporate culture. 2.5 Motivation and Corporate culture Corporate culture draws its roots from various sources. This include national and regional cultures, (Hofstede, 1991) the vision and management style (Schein, 1985) and the nature of the business and the environment it operates in and the organisational field where it operates (Gordon, 1991). For this study the relevant cultural roots comes from Ghana. Individuals, especially qualified ones, have more choices with regards to potential jobs offers. How companies motivate place a vital role in attracting employee and competing well todays competitive market. To create a culture that fosters individual motivation is not easy because it takes time to figure out the factors that motivate each employee. It is even more important nowadays as more individuals draw their interest from other things beside money. To understand the importance of corporate culture in this dissertation it is important to first define what culture is. Schein (2004) defines culture as consisting of rules, procedures and processes that govern how things are done, as well as the philosophy that guides the attitudes of senior management towards staff and customers. Referring in his work to the people of a nation Hofstede also defines culture as ‘the collective programming of the mind which distinguishes one group or category of people from another. This endorses the issue that corporate culture is a unique aspect of an organisation, even though it is difficult to manage. According to Schein an organisations culture develops to help cope with its environment. He characterizes culture as consisting of three levels: ïÆ'Ëœ Artefacts which are the most observable level of culture yet are hard to understand. ïÆ'Ëœ Espoused Values; which underlie and to a large extent determine behaviour, but they are not directly observable as behaviours are. There may be a difference between stated and operating values. People will attribute their behaviour to stated value. ïÆ'Ëœ Basic assumptions and Values: the core or essence of culture is represented by the basic underlying assumptions and values, which are difficult to discern because they exist at a largely unconscious level. Yet they provide the key to understand why things happen the way they do. 2.5.1 National culture National culture milieu influences the outlook of an organisations stakeholders. Hofstede proved this with work on IMB employees in 43 countries and how attitude to work and behaviour of employees towards authority differ from one location to the other. In his study he identified five dimensions of culture and demonstrated that there are national and regional cultural groupings that affect the behaviour and activities of organisations. The first dimension is power distance and refers to the degree to which people accept inequality amongst institutions and organisations. The second dimension, uncertainty avoidance measures the degree to which people are willing to accept change and work in uncertain circumstances. Therefore the higher the degree of uncertainty avoidance the more structured people likes things to be (Steers et al, 1993). Individualism which is the third dimension refers to the degree to which people see themselves as being part of a group or as individuals. His fourth culture dimension, masculinity versus femininity refers to the conventional values placed on male such as assertive

Mr. Luther Kings Letter From Birmingham Jail :: Letter From Birmingham Jail King Essays

"Martin Luther King Jr.'s letter from Birmingham Jail, which was written in April 16, 1963, is a passionate letter that addresses and responds to the issue and criticism that a group of white clergymen had thrown at him and his pro- black American organization about his and his organization's non- violent demonstrative actions against racial prejudice and injustice among black Americans in Birmingham. King writes the letter to defend his organization's actions and the letter is also an appeal to the people, both the white and black American society, the social, political, and religious community, and the whole of American society to encourage desegregation and encourage solidarity and equality among all Americans, with no stratifications according to racial differences. King's letter from Birmingham Jail addresses the American society, particularly the political and religious community of the American society. Specifically, King's letter addresses three important groups in the American society: the white American political community, white American religious community, and the black American society. King addressed these communities as the primary groups wherein racial segregation is continuously proliferated (the white American political and religious community) and points much of his arguments to and for his fellow black Americans in the society. King's main thesis in writing the Birmingham letter is that, racial segregation, or injustice to the black American society, is due to the continuous encouragement of the white American society, particularly the powerful communities in politics and religions. King defends his primary thesis all throughout the length of his letter, and the arguments that he has made to prove that his thesis is true and valid will be the focus of this rhetorical analysis. In addressing and confronting the problem of injustices among the black Americans in the American society, particularly the violence that had happened in Birmingham, and generally, the inequality and racial prejudice happening in his American society, King argues his position by using both moral, social, and political references and logic for his arguments to be considered valid and agreeable. Mr. Luther King's Letter From Birmingham Jail :: Letter From Birmingham Jail King Essays "Martin Luther King Jr.'s letter from Birmingham Jail, which was written in April 16, 1963, is a passionate letter that addresses and responds to the issue and criticism that a group of white clergymen had thrown at him and his pro- black American organization about his and his organization's non- violent demonstrative actions against racial prejudice and injustice among black Americans in Birmingham. King writes the letter to defend his organization's actions and the letter is also an appeal to the people, both the white and black American society, the social, political, and religious community, and the whole of American society to encourage desegregation and encourage solidarity and equality among all Americans, with no stratifications according to racial differences. King's letter from Birmingham Jail addresses the American society, particularly the political and religious community of the American society. Specifically, King's letter addresses three important groups in the American society: the white American political community, white American religious community, and the black American society. King addressed these communities as the primary groups wherein racial segregation is continuously proliferated (the white American political and religious community) and points much of his arguments to and for his fellow black Americans in the society. King's main thesis in writing the Birmingham letter is that, racial segregation, or injustice to the black American society, is due to the continuous encouragement of the white American society, particularly the powerful communities in politics and religions. King defends his primary thesis all throughout the length of his letter, and the arguments that he has made to prove that his thesis is true and valid will be the focus of this rhetorical analysis. In addressing and confronting the problem of injustices among the black Americans in the American society, particularly the violence that had happened in Birmingham, and generally, the inequality and racial prejudice happening in his American society, King argues his position by using both moral, social, and political references and logic for his arguments to be considered valid and agreeable.

Graduate level

There are a number of distinctive HER policies and procedures which elevate DEW as a preferred employer by employees. DEW has several mentoring programs which support the development and training of new staff. The programs are an Important way to engage new hires into the DEW culture, and this could be their first professional job out of college (Trademarks Animation, n. D. ). In a 2010 interview, Trademarks Animation's Head of HER is Daniel Sweethearts stated, â€Å"In a rapidly growing environment, that can be difficult for a new person to grasp because it can all be overwhelming† (Burns & Sweethearts, 2010).The Animation film industry Is a complex business with a lot of â€Å"moving† parts. DEW flimflamming Is a timely and expensive undertaking which starts with someone's Idea and storyboards (Wolff, 2003). This production will involve many people who steer the process?from the in- house staff, freelance writers, technology, and their reference library of other work. The animated production process, creating storyboards, writing and revising scripts, drafting artwork, character creation, for a â€Å"full-length feature film can take approximately three to four years† (Trademarks Animation, 2011).This extensive recess also employs â€Å"small collaborative teams that are responsible for preparing storyline and ideas for the initial stages of development† (Trademarks Animation, 2011). During these intense early stages of a project new hires are placed in mentoring initiative program. Mentoring supports the overall project while also providing direction to the newest staff members. Thus, â€Å"ensuring that ideas follow the best creative path within a desired budget and schedule parameters† (Trademarks Animation, 2011).The first 90 days are In orientation, but afterwards new employees are trained on the DEW â€Å"proprietary software† and attend â€Å"welcome session hosted by CEO Jeffrey Guttenberg† (Henchman, 2 01 AAA). There are many different mentoring programs at DEW. These programs primarily focus on recruitment of mid-level talent, new college graduates, entry level professionals, and the highly specialized (Trademarks Animation, n. D. ). All of the DEW mentoring programs pair the new hire with an experienced staff member.The Henchman (AAA) article, discusses a recent graduate In the DEW mentoring program. The trainee Is a Visual Artist, named Each Glenn, and Is coming up on the end of his training (AAA). Henchman (AAA) continues describing, the Visual Artist's downtime allowed him to be able to help his mentor, who was having difficulties on a â€Å"snowball† scene (AAA). The mentor asked for suggestions, and the trainee had a chance to learn more about the scene while helping (Henchman, AAA).The trainee Each, explained, â€Å"I'd show him what I'd come up with, and he'd show me what he had been doing. So we Just kept that process up, and coming over to each other's desk and showing the progress we had until we merged these little effects into the snowball† (Henchman, AAA). Mentoring examples like this show how there is a great opportunity for learning from both the trainee and the mentor. This also levels the playing field and allows the trainee to feel they are a â€Å"peer† with equal status.There are mentoring programs that DEW uses to recruit entry level graduates and then pair them with the seasoned employees. One of the mentoring programs Is scouts potential new talent in â€Å"Art/illustration, Design, Character Animation, Computer Graphics, and Media Studies graduates from colleges and universities around the globe† (Trademarks Animation, n. D. ). In addition to the scouting, they also offer training programs and coaching for these entry level positions. DEW also offers in-house digital training and artistic development training programs available for all employees.There is another outreach mentoring program for entry level professionals and recent college graduates referred to as the â€Å"Challenges/ Initiatives† that select new hire to participate in one of four (4) different programs; The Story Initiative Program, Character FIX Initiative, FIX Challenge, and Character AD Challenge (Trademarks Animation, n. D. ). These four mentoring programs offer a broad range f topics and discussions on; how an animated film pipeline is organized, the principles of animation, interpreting character designs, and how to incorporate them into the animation process.Each of these training program initiatives supports the trainees learning in the specific areas chosen. The program's training objectives are implemented over the first 90 to 180 days, depending on the program. The mentor programs pair a trainee with a seasoned and specialized mentor. The trainee has to perform duties in a simulated training environment. The training environment is identical but separate from the real projects that the mentor is on. The mentor observes the trainees activity, and the decisions made. The environment is parallel where the trainee can experience the same challenges as the mentor.The trainee has to use their independent Judgment and their skills Just as they would have to if working on the actual project. This trainee environment provides these rich opportunities, which are â€Å"Critical to the success and learning new and potentially foreign concepts, but also the ability to work within a production team environment and seek advice from experts (Trademarks Animation, n. D. ). In addition, this is all appending in a training environment, so there is more flexibility and time to discuss situations where the trainee wants clarification.Additional concepts discussed include key ideas important to the deformation process, programming procedural controls, and techniques to successfully present ideas and results to both creative and technical audiences (Trademarks, 2014). Data's mentoring program seems to go beyond the entry-level and middle staff to the higher levels of the executive suite. Several DEW female executives served on a panel. The ladies' group was called the Bay Area Women in Film & Media, and the event was at Trademarks. All women panel of DEW executives discussed workplace culture and described how it was to work in a male dominated field.Each executive description of Data's culture was supportive, fun, rewarding, and better than other studios they had worked. There was one unidentified executive who was speaking about being a woman in DEW â€Å"Mans world† and she enjoyed working with the men, and it was special to work with Spielberg (Cited). Implications Trademarks Animation's Head of HER is Daniel Sweethearts, and his team performs mid-project reviews and boasts a 97% retention rate (Henchman, Bibb). After 90 says the employee is brought in for a meeting with HER to discuss â€Å"best practices,† experiences elsewhere† (Henchman, Bibb).This HER practice of meeting face to face after 90 days for their feedback, can help improve nonbinding, and also relays an important message to the employee. The new employee has a forum for two-way communications and a valued as a new member of the team. This communication forum is important as it is early in their DEW career and will likely set the tone. DEW provides resources for new staff to engage and to better get acclimated. There are also employee training programs to help increase employee knowledge base.For the technologists, they have established in-house digital training and artistic development training programs. In order to recruit and retain talented creative and technical personnel, they have established relationships with the top animation schools and industry trade organizations (Trademarks, n. D. ). Sweethearts, describes how the mentoring at DEW can forge a â€Å"tribal connection† between the new hire and the veteran, when it is done early in the menthe's em ployment (Henchman, Bibb). This employee investment at all staffing levels is a way for employers to demonstrate their support of the employees.Experts agree; companies must make their employees feel engaged and help them feel like they are performing meaningful work (Rickets, 2008). It seems employees are â€Å"sensitive† and will â€Å"react† positively or not positively according to the treatment they perceive their employer gives them. Corporate HER consulting expert explains, â€Å"If an organization does not make conscious efforts to not only onboard new team members, but also to create cultural moments that give them an experience?not Just the language?of the vision, then it is very difficult for them to feel bonded† (Elliot, 2013).It can be seen how Trademarks Animation integrates the experience of their seasoned mentors to train new staff. They also are able to recruit and retain employees, with their â€Å"established relationships with the top animat ion schools and industry trade groups† (Trademarks Animation Form ASK, 2011). From Straightness's discussion, part of the importance of mentoring the newest staff is to help them understand and learn Data's culture and also to coach them in handling projects. He also mentions, â€Å"many of these individuals will go on to be leaders within DEW while others may go on to be leaders in the Animation Industry' (Henchman, Bibb).Sweethearts says, â€Å"We hire so many experienced people that we get lots of interesting ideas from other companies,† and add, â€Å"we hire a good number of recent graduates, so we get fresh eyes†(Henchman, Bibb). The resources that DEW puts into training new hires and pairing them with senior level employee shows they want to invest in their staff. This type of investing in staff with mentoring programs, training programs, and two way communication can be plenty reasons they are a â€Å"great place to work,† and other companies can learn to invest in staff development an result in ordainment.Properly training staff will initially require more resources, manpower, and management coordination, but in the long run the company outperforms the competition. Research supports the idea that those companies that outperform their competition have also retained their most talented employees (Fuller, Gerhard & Scott, 2003). This further adds to the point that DEW is investing in their team with mentoring programs, training, and executive mentoring. This is a lesson worth learning for any CEO looking to increase the bottom line and provide Job